Plurality
“Plurality”是名词,有几个主要含义:一是数量上的多数或较多数,尤指选举中获得最多票但未过半数的情况(相对多数);二是多样性、多元性,如”a plurality of opinions”(多种意见);三是在哲学中指多个实体并存的状态。
- “The candidate won with a plurality of votes, though not an absolute majority.” (该候选人以相对多数票获胜,但未获得绝对多数。)
- “America is known for its cultural plurality and diversity.” (美国以其文化多元性而闻名。)
- “A plurality of factors contributed to the company’s success.” (多种因素共同促成了公司的成功。)
“Plurality”源自拉丁语”pluralitas”,来自”pluralis”(复数的),词根”plus”(更多)也是”plus”(加号)和”surplus”(剩余)的来源。
“Plurality”由拉丁词根”plur-”(更多)加名词后缀”-ality”构成,“-ality”表示某种性质或状态。
在美国选举制度中,“plurality”与”majority”有重要区别:赢得相对多数(plurality)即可当选,无需超过50%的选票,这是”first-past-the-post”(赢者通吃)选举制的核心特征。在学术语境中,“cultural plurality”是多元文化主义(multiculturalism)的重要概念。
- 固定搭配: “plurality of votes” (相对多数票), “cultural plurality” (文化多元性), “plurality of opinions” (多种意见)
“Plural”是复数的,“plurality”就是”多数”或”多元”——多个(plural)的状态。
“The election was decided by a plurality: the winner had more votes than any other candidate, but less than half of the total.” (选举以相对多数决定胜负:获胜者票数虽为各候选人之最,但未超过总票数的一半。)