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Plurality

“Plurality”是名词,有几个主要含义:一是数量上的多数或较多数,尤指选举中获得最多票但未过半数的情况(相对多数);二是多样性、多元性,如”a plurality of opinions”(多种意见);三是在哲学中指多个实体并存的状态。

  1. “The candidate won with a plurality of votes, though not an absolute majority.” (该候选人以相对多数票获胜,但未获得绝对多数。)
  2. “America is known for its cultural plurality and diversity.” (美国以其文化多元性而闻名。)
  3. “A plurality of factors contributed to the company’s success.” (多种因素共同促成了公司的成功。)

“Plurality”源自拉丁语”pluralitas”,来自”pluralis”(复数的),词根”plus”(更多)也是”plus”(加号)和”surplus”(剩余)的来源。

“Plurality”由拉丁词根”plur-”(更多)加名词后缀”-ality”构成,“-ality”表示某种性质或状态。

在美国选举制度中,“plurality”与”majority”有重要区别:赢得相对多数(plurality)即可当选,无需超过50%的选票,这是”first-past-the-post”(赢者通吃)选举制的核心特征。在学术语境中,“cultural plurality”是多元文化主义(multiculturalism)的重要概念。

  • 固定搭配: “plurality of votes” (相对多数票), “cultural plurality” (文化多元性), “plurality of opinions” (多种意见)

“Plural”是复数的,“plurality”就是”多数”或”多元”——多个(plural)的状态。

“The election was decided by a plurality: the winner had more votes than any other candidate, but less than half of the total.” (选举以相对多数决定胜负:获胜者票数虽为各候选人之最,但未超过总票数的一半。)