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Phlegmatic

“Phlegmatic”是形容词,形容一个人不易被情绪或外界刺激所激动,性情冷静、淡漠,有时甚至显得迟钝或缺乏热情。在医学传统中,它与”黏液质”(四种体液之一)相关,指性格沉稳、不易发怒的类型。

  1. “He remained phlegmatic even when the project fell apart.” (即使项目失败,他依然保持冷静。)
  2. “Her phlegmatic response surprised everyone in the heated debate.” (她在激烈辩论中的淡定反应让所有人惊讶。)
  3. “The phlegmatic coach never raised his voice during the game.” (这位沉着的教练在比赛中从未提高嗓门。)

“Phlegmatic”源自希腊语”phlegma”(黏液、痰),经拉丁语”phlegmaticus”进入英语。古希腊医学认为人体内四种体液(血液、黏液、黄胆汁、黑胆汁)决定性格,黏液质对应冷静、迟缓的性情。

“Phlegmatic”由词根”phlegm-”(黏液)与形容词后缀”-atic”构成,表示”具有……特征的”。

在西方古典医学与心理学传统中,“phlegmatic”是四气质理论(多血质、胆汁质、黏液质、抑郁质)之一,代表平和、冷静、不易激动的性格。现代英语中多用于描述人在压力或冲突面前泰然自若,有时略带”过于冷淡”的意味。

  • 固定搭配: “phlegmatic temperament” (黏液质性格), “remain phlegmatic” (保持冷静)

将”phlegm”(痰、黏液)与”phlegmatic”联想:黏液质的人像黏稠的液体一样,流动缓慢、不易沸腾——即不易激动。

“When the fire alarm rang, everyone panicked except Tom. He walked out phlegmatically, as if nothing had happened.” (火警响起时,除了汤姆大家都慌了。他淡定地走出去,仿佛什么都没发生。)