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Pestilence

“Pestilence”是名词,本义为瘟疫、流行性致命疾病,常见于历史与文学文本;引申可指极具破坏力的事物(a pestilence of corruption 腐败之祸)。语气庄重,现代日常口语多改用 “epidemic” 或 “plague”。

  1. “Medieval Europe suffered repeated outbreaks of pestilence.” (中世纪欧洲屡遭瘟疫侵袭。)
  2. “The novel describes a village ravaged by pestilence and famine.” (小说描写了一个被瘟疫和饥荒摧毁的村庄。)
  3. “Critics called the spread of misinformation a modern pestilence.” (批评者将虚假信息的蔓延称为现代之祸。)

来自拉丁语 pestilentia,与 pestis(瘟疫、灾害)相关。与 “pest”(害虫)同源,核心义为“带来毁灭性危害”。

“-ence” 是名词后缀,表示状态或性质。无前缀。

“Pestilence” 常出现在《圣经》及中世纪文学中,与 “famine”(饥荒)、“war”(战争)并称人类苦难的象征。了解该词有助于阅读历史文本和古典作品,现代新闻中更常见 “pandemic” 或 “epidemic”。

  • 固定搭配: “deadly pestilence” (致命瘟疫), “ravaged by pestilence” (遭瘟疫蹂躏), “a pestilence of lies” (谎言泛滥)

联想 “pest”(害虫、祸害)加 “-ilence”:像害虫一样蔓延的致命灾害,就是 pestilence——瘟疫。

“When pestilence swept through the port city, ships were turned away and markets fell silent for weeks.” (瘟疫席卷港口城市时,船只被拒入港,市场数周寂静无声。)