Perspiration
“Perspiration”是名词,指身体因热、运动或紧张而分泌汗液,或汗液本身。比口语词 “sweat” 更正式、更委婉,常见于医学、体育报道和礼貌表达,如 “perspiration stains”(汗渍)。
- “Perspiration dripped down his face after the long run.” (长跑后,汗水从他脸上滴落。)
- “The doctor asked if she had noticed excessive perspiration at night.” (医生问她是否注意到夜间出汗过多。)
- “Success is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” (成功是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。)
来自拉丁语 perspirare,意为“透气、出汗”,由 per-(通过)与 spirare(呼吸)构成。与 “respiration”(呼吸)共享词根 spir-,但语义分化为“经皮肤排出水分”。
“-ation” 是名词后缀,表示过程或结果。前缀 per- 在此表示“经由、穿过”。
美国发明家爱迪生名言 “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration” 使该词在英语文化中与“勤奋”紧密关联。日常口语多用 “sweat”,“perspiration” 则见于正式场合或委婉表达。
- 固定搭配: “excessive perspiration” (出汗过多), “beads of perspiration” (汗珠), “blood, sweat and perspiration” (血与汗的付出)
“Per-”(通过)+ “spir”(呼吸)+ “-ation”:水分从皮肤“透”出来,像另一种呼吸——perspiration,出汗。
“After hours of rehearsal in the summer heat, the dancers wiped perspiration from their brows and took a short break.” (在酷暑中排练数小时后,舞者们擦去额头的汗水,稍作休息。)