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Perspiration

“Perspiration”是名词,指身体因热、运动或紧张而分泌汗液,或汗液本身。比口语词 “sweat” 更正式、更委婉,常见于医学、体育报道和礼貌表达,如 “perspiration stains”(汗渍)。

  1. “Perspiration dripped down his face after the long run.” (长跑后,汗水从他脸上滴落。)
  2. “The doctor asked if she had noticed excessive perspiration at night.” (医生问她是否注意到夜间出汗过多。)
  3. “Success is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” (成功是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。)

来自拉丁语 perspirare,意为“透气、出汗”,由 per-(通过)与 spirare(呼吸)构成。与 “respiration”(呼吸)共享词根 spir-,但语义分化为“经皮肤排出水分”。

“-ation” 是名词后缀,表示过程或结果。前缀 per- 在此表示“经由、穿过”。

美国发明家爱迪生名言 “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration” 使该词在英语文化中与“勤奋”紧密关联。日常口语多用 “sweat”,“perspiration” 则见于正式场合或委婉表达。

  • 固定搭配: “excessive perspiration” (出汗过多), “beads of perspiration” (汗珠), “blood, sweat and perspiration” (血与汗的付出)

“Per-”(通过)+ “spir”(呼吸)+ “-ation”:水分从皮肤“透”出来,像另一种呼吸——perspiration,出汗。

“After hours of rehearsal in the summer heat, the dancers wiped perspiration from their brows and took a short break.” (在酷暑中排练数小时后,舞者们擦去额头的汗水,稍作休息。)