Opprobrium
“Opprobrium” 是正式名词，指“耻辱、骂名、强烈谴责”，尤指公众对可耻行为的愤慨。常与 bring/draw/heaps of 连用，如 bring opprobrium on the family（给家族蒙羞）。语气比 criticism 更重，接近 public disgrace。
- “The scandal brought opprobrium on the entire industry.” (这桩丑闻让整个行业名誉扫地。)
- “He faced public opprobrium after the leaked messages.” (泄密信息后，他遭到公众强烈谴责。)
- “She refused to accept the opprobrium for decisions she did not make.” (她拒绝为并非自己做出的决定承担骂名。)
源自拉丁语 opprobrium，由 ob-（朝向）与 probrum（耻辱、丢脸之事）构成，probr- 与“可耻”相关。
“op-”（向）+ probr-（耻辱）+ -ium（名词后缀），整体指“指向某人的耻辱、当众的羞辱”。
多见于社论、法律与历史文本，描述丑闻、战争罪行或背信行为引发的公愤；比 shame 更强调社会舆论的谴责。
- 固定搭配: “bring opprobrium on” (使……蒙羞), “public opprobrium” (公众谴责), “face opprobrium” (承受骂名)
- 不可数名词为主
联想 probe（追究）+ 耻辱：被公众 probe 到可耻之事，招来 opprobrium（骂名、公愤）。
“The judge said the forged evidence would live in opprobrium long after the trial ended.” (法官说，伪造证据的骂名将长期留在审判结束之后。)