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Lintel

“Lintel” 是一个名词,建筑术语,指横跨在门、窗等开口上方、支撑上方墙体重量的水平结构梁。即门楣或窗楣,是建筑中承重的重要构件。与门槛(threshold)相对——lintel 在上,threshold 在下。

  1. “The ancient temple’s lintel was carved with intricate mythological scenes.” (古庙的门楣上雕刻着精美的神话场景。)
  2. “A crack in the lintel above the door suggested structural damage.” (门上方过梁上的裂缝表明存在结构损坏。)
  3. “The stone lintel had supported the weight of the wall for over three centuries.” (这块石制过梁已支撑墙体重量超过三个世纪。)

源自拉丁语 “limitaris”(门槛的)或 “limit-”(门槛),经古法语 “lintel” 进入英语。与 “limit”(界限)有词源联系——门楣和门槛共同界定出入口的边界。

无前缀和后缀。作为完整的法语/拉丁借词进入英语。

在西方建筑传统中,lintel 是古典建筑的重要元素。希腊神庙的楣梁(architrave)即 lintel 的一种。许多古老建筑在 lintel 上雕刻铭文或装饰,使其成为建筑艺术的载体。现代建筑中,钢筋混凝土 lintel 替代了传统的石梁。

  • 固定搭配: “stone lintel” (石过梁), “door lintel” (门楣), “window lintel” (窗楣)
  • 反义词: threshold(门槛,位于开口下方)

“Lintel” 与 “line” 发音相近——过梁是一条横跨开口上方的”线”。也可联想 “lint” + “el”:门楣像一条横线(line)横在门顶。

“The archaeologist brushed dust from the lintel of the forgotten tomb. Carved into the stone were symbols she had never seen before—perhaps a language lost to time. The lintel had held firm for millennia, protecting the chamber within, while the civilization that built it had long since vanished.” (考古学家拂去遗忘墓穴门楣上的灰尘。石头上雕刻着她从未见过的符号——也许是失传已久的语言。门楣已屹立数千年,守护着墓室内部,而建造它的文明早已消失。)