Keeping
“Keeping” 是 “keep” 的现在分词/动名词，可指“使某状态持续”（keeping calm）、 “保管”（keeping records）或“饲养”（keeping pets）。名词短语如 “in keeping with” 表示“与……一致”。
- “She is keeping the documents in a safe folder.” (她把文件保存在一个安全的文件夹里。)
- “Keeping a daily journal helps me reflect.” (坚持写日记有助于我反思。)
- “He earns extra money by keeping neighbors’ plants while they travel.” (邻居旅行时他帮忙照料植物赚外快。)
“Keep” 源自古英语 “cēpan”（抓住、留意），“keeping” 为现在分词形式。
“-ing” 为现在分词/动名词后缀。
“Keeping up with”（跟上）在社交和媒体语境极高频，如 keeping up with the news。
- 固定搭配: “keeping up” (跟上), “keeping track of” (记录；掌握), “keeping in touch” (保持联系)
- 原形: keep；过去式/过去分词: kept
keep 不变形加 ing → keeping：一直在 keep 那个状态。
“By keeping his promise and keeping the shop tidy, he was keeping customers happy. Keeping at it paid off.” (他信守承诺、保持店铺整洁，让顾客满意。坚持下去终于有了回报。)