Begun
完成体核心:has begun 已经开始、had begun 当时已开始。注意 begin 的过去式是 began,过去分词是 begun,三者不可混用。
- “Construction has begun on the new bridge.” (新桥已开工建造。)
- “The meeting had already begun when I arrived.” (我到达时会议已经开始了。)
- “A new chapter in her career had begun after the research fellowship.” (研究奖学金项目结束后,她职业生涯的新篇章已经开启。)
古英语 beginnan,be-(强调)+ ginnan(开始),现代不规则变化 begin–began–begun。
不规则动词,无生产性词缀;相关 beginner(初学者)、beginning(开始)。
新闻 has begun investigations;文学 Well begun is half done 谚语“良好的开始是成功的一半”。口语勿把 begun 当过去式用。
- 固定搭配: “has begun” (已经开始), “had begun” (当时已开始), “newly begun” (新近开始的)
- 过去式: began;原形: begin
口诀:begin 原形,began 昨天,begun 给 have/has/had 当尾巴。
“Winter had begun early, so the ski resort opened ahead of schedule.” (冬天来得早,滑雪场提前开放了。)